June 2, 1998: Kay Thompson, DDS, died Tuesday, May 26, 1998 at 10:20 PM of Aden carcinoma of unknown primary origin. The worlds of hypnosis and dentistry have lost an irreplaceable leader, and a great friend.

I knew Kay for 24 years during which time she was my teacher, advisor, colleague and friend. I first met her in 1974 when she taught at a regional workshop I attended that was sponsored by the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis (ASCH) .She intimidated me. She was an imposing figure, so sure of herself and so talented. I already knew Erickson, and knew that Kay was one of his primary students. She and Robert Pearson, M.D. were Erickson’s chosen successors in guiding ASCH.

She was a political powerhouse in that organization, and one of its most important and popular teachers. During the next few years I attended a number of Kay’s presentations at various ASCH meetings. I remember her wisdom and followed her advice. She counseled students to learn fundamentals and attend numerous introductory workshops before promoting themselves to more advanced levels. Little did I know that I would one day share the podium with her at professional meetings.

In the early years of the establishment of the Milton Erickson Foundation, Kaywas an invaluable advisor. She had uncanny political instincts. I would present a conundrum to her, and she would respond immediately with an astute analysisand sage advice. I strove to emulate her ability to summarize positions and foresee how parties would react. Kay had an awe-inspiring ability in thisregard. Her predictions were unerring, her analyses of people were tempered and discerning.

She took interest in my personal development, concerned herself with my stresses. Seeing me overwhelmed and harried at one conference, she took me aside and told me to smile more. Hypnotized by her manner of suggesting such simple advice, I have been haunted by it through the years. When you see me smiling through the stresses of a conference, you will know that there is a little "Kay Thompson" inside, guiding me. Once, noticing how I was grinding my teeth, she personalized and sent me a hypnosis tape. I was able to return that favor. When Kay was diagnosed with cancer she asked me to make a hypnosis tape for her.

Kay presented at all of the Erickson Congresses and Seminars from their inception in 1980. Attendees consistently rated her one of the most highly valued speakers. At the Congresses I scheduled myself on panels with Kay. It was a self-serving act. I always learned so much from her. I marveled at her wisdom and her clever turns of phrases. Her rapid-fire word plays were spellbinding. I remember her talking about pain control by saying that pain was like a pane of glass.

The pane allowed the light to pass through it and provided protection from conditions outside. There could be warmth inside the pane. There could be quiet on the inside of the pane, etc. She taught me to use language more facilely, emphasizing both direct and indirect suggestions. She taught me invaluable lessons about speaking to the physiology, not merely the psychology, of patients. I learned from her the importance of motivation statements to augment suggestions. It was this contribution to the field of hypnosis of which she was most proud.

Kay did not publish much, but she did contribute five chapters to proceedings of Erickson Congresses. There is much to be learned by careful study of these papers that combine both experiential and didactic learnings. In recent years Kay was a friend, even somewhat of an older sister. We talked about our relationships, our stresses, and our activities. She was always so care-full with me, wanting the best for me. She took real pleasure in my personal growth.

Kay Thompson was born in 1930. She would have been 68 on her next birthday. She received both her BS (1951) and DDS (1953) from the University of Pittsburgh. She graduated from dental school as the only woman in her class. Kay was in-full-time dental practice in Pittsburgh from 1953 to 1976, and then continued part-time. She donated time to provide dental services at a residential facility for physically and mentally handicapped adults.

Kay was past president of ASCH and Fellow and recipient of the highest awards of both ASCH and the Society of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. She was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement award from the Milton H. Erickson Foundation for her contributions to the field of psychotherapy. She was only the second female ever elected to the Board of Trustees of the American Dental Association, and was honored by that group for her exemplary service. She was the first woman to be elected president of the Pennsylvania Dental its 120 year history.

Kay held a number of academic appointments including serving as a clinical associate professor at the West Virginia School of Dentistry. She traveled nationally and internationally to lecture on hypnosis, language and pain/healing control. She received numerous awards and held prestigious positions of leadership in many hypnosis and dental organizations.

Kay grew up as the only child of the only professional family in a small community. Her father, also a dentist, was an inspiration to her and she emulated his altruism. Kay first met Erickson in 1953 and followed him as a student and colleague through the years. At her first meeting she described how fascinated and terrified she was by Erickson. Of Erickson, Kay said, "He had more influence on me than anyone but the woman who gave birth to me." She later became a great friend of the entire Erickson family.

Kay is survived by her husband, Ralph. We send him our heartfelt condolences. The Board of Directors of the Erickson Foundation is planning a special tribute to Kay. We are setting up a fund that will be used to advance the causes that she held so dear. Those who wish to contribute can earmark their bequest to the "Kay Thompson Fund." Kay gave so much to so many. We will miss her wisdom and spirit. I will miss a trusted friend.

KAY THOMPSON INFORMATION FROM THE PARSONS-FEIN TRAINING INSTITUTE: (KAY THOMPSON, DDS: 1930 – 1998) Artist and Master of the Language of the Unconscious: "In each of us lies sleeping beauty, wasted potential, dying dreams. We sleep and live in dormant twilight, never knowing what it means to live, to love the bits of heaven that we can unearth deep in our hearts; not recognizing that our salvation is ever-present in those parts that we have disowned, denied, forgotten. The thorns of fear thwart faint attempt. The prince is courage, the kiss believing and then with these our life begins."- Kay’s Student "Hypnosis is a way of learning to listen again."

Kay Thompson used wordplay, alliteration, metaphor to unhook habitual word associations to free the unconscious to play. We will watch the dance between the unconscious of the artist and of the subject. Here are examples of some of Kay’s wordplay that access the creative child in all of us: "You may not know but you can know how." "Making unexpected remarks and occasional astute observations all go into making trance talk effective." "Many natural everyday relationships can be very trance enhancing. Trances start a trend of transferring the tendency to trance out temporarily by tempering the tenor and the tempo of the times tempting us to take the trip together. You seem to be seen to transcend the mundane into the magic of the mosaic of many memories." "And you can become so entranced with really knowing all there is you need to know about how to make the meaning of this listening learning change into something that it wasn’t when it began, only because you had not thought about it as being what you didn’t think it was." "Inhibitions are tied up in ‘nots’ and we make so many things naughty Rather because they are knotty, and not just plain ‘nots.’ And we do not know the things we know until it is too late to go back and Pick up the pieces of the ribbon that got tied into The knots that we didn’t know how to unknot. But you can pick at even the most powerful knot and retie it into a Beautiful bow that will bow to the need to know that it was once a knot But know it is not a knot now." "Feed them the words that are symbols of their experience."  Kay said about her favorite song: "Every line in ‘The Rose’ is a metaphor:"

‘…I say love, it is a flower

and you its only seed…

‘When the night becomes too lonely

And the road becomes too long

And you think that love is only

For the lucky and the strong

Just remember in the winter, far beneath the bitter snows,Lies the seed, that with the sun’s love, in the spring becomes the rose.’ - Amanda McBroom

Kay Thompson was the first female student in the University of Pittsurgh’s School of Dentistry, the first female President of ASCH, and was President of the Pennsylvania Dental Association. For seven years she fought in court against Blue Cross and Blue Shield on behalf of the Dental Association - and won! She worked with Milton Erickson for twenty-seven years and what she absorbed from him, consciously and unconsciously, she made her own. She wrote many papers and received many awards of distinction in Europe and America (Amsterdam, Italy, Pittsburgh, Phoenix, in addition to others.) Kay’s genius came from her heart. She not only taught the hypnotic connections we can make, she lived them. This video demonstrates how even in small unexpected moments, she could shift people’s states of consciousness so brilliantly that they recognized later something profound had happened.

In this presentation we will study a simple outline of how she accesses the flow from conscious to unconscious. We will then review a transcript of her work, highlighting the many strategies and techniques she is using. We can then all sit back and learn in pleasure, watching Kay’s intense focus as her subject moves through various states of nervousness, confusion, curiosity, comfort, humor, excitement, questioning, laughter, joy. She doesn’t miss a beat. You will see how she leads and follows simultaneously. Not one moment is irrelevant. As you go on Kay’s playful journey with her subjects, perhaps you will find your own mastery expanding as you experience hers.

Recommended reading: The Art of Therapeutic Communication: The Collected Works of Kay F. Thompson (2004), edited by Saralee Kane, MSW and Karen Olness, MD. Crown House Publishing, Ltd, Williston, VT.

18. IN MEMORIAM TO BERNARD W. NEWTON, (1917-2001): PETER BLOOM: Bernard W. (Fig) Newton died quietly at home on March 23, 2001 of acute leukemia, which complicated his long battle with myelofibrosis. He was 83 years old. He had time to prepare for his end, and, being typically aware of the feelings of those who loved him deeply, he made every effort to support and counsel his family and write his many friends and colleagues to say good-bye and prepare them for his passing. What kind of man was this? The first part is easy. Fig, as he was so affectionately known, attended St. Lawrence University, receiving his Bachelor of Science degree in biology, psychology, and physics in 1939and his Master of Education in 1940. Eleven years later in 1951, he received his Ph.D. in psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Predoctoral work included student health services and research projects at UCLA, and, after his doctoral degree, he became a staff psychologist at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Los Angeles while beginning his private practice. During these early years, he developed an interest in hypnosis and then served as president of the California Society of Clinical Hypnosis from 1977 to 1979 and as president of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (SCEH) from1983 to 1985. He was a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), Division 30, the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis (ASCH), and SCEH.

In 1959, he was one of the very early Diplomats of the American Board of Psychological Hypnosis(ABPH). His papers and chapters were numerous, reflecting his early interest in Multiple Personality Disorder (now termed Dissociative Identity Disorder), forensic hypnosis, and the "Hypnotherapist and the Cancer Patient", his 1984 SCEH presidential address. In 1983, he received the Morton Prince Award given by SCEH and awarded "for distinguished contributions to the development of hypnosis in the science and profession of psychology," and in the same year he received the Milton H. Erickson Award given by ASCH, "for excellence in scientific writing." He retired in 1989 and moved with his family to Bozeman, Montana. After his wife, Brownie, died in 1998, he married Patti in 1999, who cared for him until his own death this year. This next part is not so easy. How to capture the essence of the man himself? Perhaps we can discover the answer by looking at some of his own utterances since his move to Bozeman 12 years ago. Within the last decade, Fig began reviewing his own professional life in psychology. He then wondered what his colleagues found when they examined their own experiences. So, a few years ago, Fig began asking a number of friends who shared his love for therapy and hypnosis to describe what they did in therapy and how they understood their role as therapists. I was fortunate to be included in some of these discussions. Whether at ASCH or SCEH annual meetings, he would schedule these "conversations" for an hour or so in his hotel suite in front of a professional video camera and recording device. In the beginning, his good friend, Charlie Pace, helped with the organizational aspects and camera work; then, more recently, Patti became involved. So it happened that at the ASCH meeting in Atlanta inMarch 1999, I found myself comfortably seated with him in front of the camera, unrehearsed, and with no topic at hand. We began talking. His ability to ask the right question and his sensitivity that allowed us to feel comfortable was and is legendary. During this particular conversation, our third or fourth over the years, I decided to reverse the process and interview him. He readily agreed. Although I was aware of his interests, his years of teaching basicprinciples of hypnosis and psychotherapy, and his scholarly contributions to the literature, I wanted to balance these aspects of his professional life with a more personal look at the man himself. With this in mind, I asked him what was sacred to him and what contributed to his search for and attainment of authenticity as a person and therapist. Here is what he said. I am quoting from the videotape of that Sunday morning in Atlanta and have paraphrased and condensed various portions of our conversation to fit the format of this memoriam.(My remarks during our discussion are in italics.)I have always loved my work, and believe that hypnosis has made it possible for me to open myself more easily to the emerging openness ofmy patient. I wasn’t only satisfied seeing them get well, but it was being in that moment of connection that became meaningful and heralded change. Why are these moments special? People struggle throughout theirl ives to get some connection with another human being. Most people don’t experience this very often. Is it important in therapy for a patient and therapist to learn how to develop deep contacts with other human beings? Yes, very much so, and it is as important for the therapist as it is for the patient. I believe it is these moments that provide the core for change in those seeking our help. It is sacred to me. Have you always felt this way about therapy? No, I had to learn it. Early on when I was a graduate student in psychology immediately after World War II, I had studied psychoanalysis and tried very hard to be a good didactic patient in my own psychoanalytic endeavor. But I never found it satisfying in my practice. I tried hard to follow these principles in my work, but I felt little satisfaction that I was actually being helpful. Gradually and yet suddenly, I learned from my patients that I had some-thing to offer just being myself. It was an exciting time of change for me, because it seemed to indicate that being there with each patient, connected in a therapeutic relationship, was more important than using the theories I had been learning in actual practice. Georg Groddek describe show the therapist must allow the patient to change the therapist so that the therapist will be more useful to him or her. Do you agree? Yes, that is how it felt. In letting go of the way I had learned to do therapy, I became more present in each session. By the way, I think my gradual attraction to hypnosis allowed me to experience more freedom to be spontaneous in therapy and in trance work and was another essential element to becoming more authentic as a person and therapist. Why do you think your colleagues feel encouraged and eager to open them-selves up to you in these conversations? What qualities do you have that allow this for us? I like to believe that I have the same qualities that we all do: being present in the relationship, being intuitive and trusting the feelings, and having the courage to be real. I convey that in many ways, by what I say, my body language, and my facial expressions. I know when Ibegin to feel it, but if each of these ways of communicating is not in con-cert with each other, something is wrong. Have you always known at some level that when you sit down you can create that kind of deep connectedness? Yes, I have known that for a long time, but it was hard in the beginning to let it happen. Now it comes more easily to me, and I think it makes me abetter therapist. I guess that has to do with striving and becoming authentic. I hope so. In closing, there is an old saying. "A man’s wealth is the sum of his relationships." Fig was one of the wealthiest men I knew. Although we will miss him greatly, we will surely continue to celebrate his life, his wisdom, and his love.

19. IN MEMORIAM HAROLD P. GOLAN (1920-2003): MAX P SHAPIRO: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSISHarold P. Golan, D.M.D., was born on September 20, 1920, the first child of first-generation immigrant parents in Dorchester, Massachusetts. At Boston Latin School, Dr. Golan became a well-rounded classical scholar and grew to love the power, sound, and elegance of the English language. At the University of Massachusetts he majored in zoology, and he was later accepted into the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, among the premier dental schools in the country. After serving as a dentist in the Army during World War II, he entered a residency in oral surgery at Boston City Hospital.

Dr. Golan found himself drawn to clinical hypnosis, and studied with Milton Erickson, M.D., and Lawrence Staples, DM.D. He always loved both the technical craft of dentistry as well as the emotional bonds forged with appreciative patients in a successful general dentistry practice. However, his activities in clinical hypnosis became his professional passion.

Dr. Golan became a pioneer in the development and use of clinical hypnosis for dental phobias, pain control, smoking cessation, and other problems. He taught the use of hypnosis in dentistry as a faculty member of the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine and the Boston University School of Dental Medicine. Among the first members of the New England Society of Clinical Hypnosis (NESCH), he was soon elected as President, and then served for many years as Secretary. He succeeded his mentor, Dr. Staples, as Workshop Director for the New England Society of Clinical Hypnosis, a position he held for twenty-three years. Over the course of his career, he mentored hundreds of residents, fellows, and practicing clinicians in hypnosis. He pursued the development and use of clinical hypnosis techniques with uncommon vigor and passion, lecturing and teaching regionally, nationally, and internationally. He was among the earliest members and served as President of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. For many years he was President of the American Board of Dental Hypnosis, helping dentists to achieve Diplomate status. Following in the footsteps of another of his mentors, Dr. Erickson, Dr. Golan was famous for his sensitivity to the needs of the individual patient, tailoring each hypnotic protocol to the unique circumstances of the individual. He forcefully advocated for the addition of academic courses and clinical experience in hypnosis to all levels of professional training curricula.

As a clinician and teacher, Dr. Golan embodied the powerful use of self. Early on in his hypnotic career, he developed a twenty-minute self-hypnotic protocol which he practiced daily. Long before the current interest in "energy medicine," his technique involved mentally smiling at all of his body's component parts. He believed the effectiveness of this technique was more than validated by his active enjoyment of his passions for tennis, sailing, and vigorous exercise into his ninth decade. Always interested in self-development and acquiring new skills, he learned tai chi ch'uan at the age of eighty to speed his recovery from an injury. Both personally and professionally, he balanced a respect for tradition with openness to innovation and development.

Dr. Golan felt that patients relied upon the doctor's belief and conviction in the likelihood of therapeutic success. He believed (as Tip O'Neill said about politics) that all hypnosis is personal. Therefore, the active and ongoing pursuit of personal growth and change was a central theme of his teaching. As Director of the NESCH Workshop, Dr. Golan offered a special small group (the "Skeptics Group") for those participants who were having difficulty going into trance. This experience would almost invariably be extremely powerful for participants, many of whom then became champions of hypnosis. Dr. Golan was ahead of his time in many respects. Like Dr. Erickson, he believed in the central importance of results. He felt that hypnotic physiological effects (e.g., glove anesthesia) served as the most powerful ratifiers of trance experience. As a dentist, he was quite comfortable assuming responsibility for his patient's physical and emotional safety. Feeling safe and sound, patients would be emboldened to make changes. He also agreed with Dr. Erickson's position that the patient's presentation in his office was a statement of readiness to change, and he wasted no time in diving into the therapeutic enterprise. Dr. Golan believed that the doctor's authenticity (i.e., Carl Rogers' "congruence") was crucial to the establishment of a therapeutic alliance and the healing enterprise. His own use of hypnosis for healing, health, and personal growth was therefore a powerful foundation for his clinical effectiveness. Dr. Golan was a fervent believer in the importance of scientific thinking and experimental evidence to shape clinical practice. He was a prolific author and actively contributed to the scientific literature on phobias, pain, habit control, anxiety management, healing, bruxism, and hypnotic techniques. Consistent with his belief in the importance of balance, he himself balanced his intellectual prowess with a remarkable capacity for clinical intuition. He considered his intuitive abilities to be among the most exciting ways to utilize his unconscious mind. In addition to his mastery of dental technique, he was an extraordinarily talented "natural therapist." Dr. Golan routinely encouraged his students and patients to "trust the unconscious." He also balanced his prodigious intellect with noteworthy physical prowess. Furthermore, his capacity for rigorous thinking was balanced with a well-developed appreciation for sensory experience (especially, music.) It is no coincidence that, within his own family, half pursued medical/ dental/legal professions, while the other half pursued professions in the musical world.

Harold passed away on February 26, 2003. He had recently suffered a series of health crises, but died peacefully surrounded by his family. He is survived by his wife Irene, their children David, Jay, Jeffrey, and Jeanne, and their seven grandchildren. Harold was laid to rest on March 2, 2003 and the chapel was filled to overflowing for the funeral. His children and grandchildren sang, played music, and spoke movingly about him. At the end, there was an overpowering feeling in the room of the strength and warmth of Harold's "inner smile".

20. OBITUARY OF STEVE DE SHAZER (1940-2005): BRIAN CADE: Steve de Shazer, brief therapist and one of the primary developers of the solution-focused approach, has died. Having been struggling for some time with health problems, he was taken ill whilst on a flight over Europe and taken directly to a hospital in Vienna where he died on Sunday 11 September.

I first met Steve and his wife Insoo Kim Berg over quarter of a century ago. He was tall and gangly and was dressed like a lumberjack. I was immediately impressed with how badly he lectured (then) and how interesting his thinking was. We became friends. We shared in common the experience of being profoundly influenced by Jay Haley’s early seminal book, Strategies of Psychotherapy (1963), and a fascination with the work of Milton H. Erickson. Steve recently wrote, After Strategies – which made so much sense to me – everything else was (poorly written) nonsense until I found Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy which is a selection of Milton H. Erickson’s papers. It is not going too far to say that these two books changed my life and shaped my future. (de Shazer, 1999)

The other great influence on Steve was the mentorship of, and his subsequent long and close friendship with, John Weakland of the Brief Therapy Center, Palo Alto. It was John who put him in touch with Insoo and so must take, to some extent, either the credit or blame for some of what followed. In 1978 the two of them moved to Milwaukee to set up what they called "the MRI of the Midwest" where with a group of like-minded colleagues they developed the ways of thinking and the practices that became known as the solution-focused approach. This approach was based on the assumption of pre-existing abilities, on client strengths and resources, and on the certainty that there have invariably already been exceptions to the behaviours, ideas, feelings and interactions associated with problems. Therapy would be focused on an amplification of these exceptions and on helping clients, through techniques such as the miracle question and scaling questions to build a detailed picture of how their futures could be different. It was not seen as necessary to explore problems or their origins unless the client particularly wished to do so. Steve was the author of many chapters and articles and of five books, each demonstrating a stage in the development of the thinking behind and the practicing of the approach. A sixth book, More Than Miracles, will be published posthumously.

Steve had been a professional jazz saxophone player and his interest in the spaces between the notes as much as the notes themselves seemed to be very much reflected in his minimalist approach to therapy. He also loved the character of Sherlock Holmes and shared Holmes’s determination never to draw a conclusion ahead of the facts. He described hypothesising as "a disease" which gave therapists the illusion of knowing something. He loved philosophy and cooking - at which he excelled - and taking long walks.

When I think of the many, many hours I spent with Steve we rarely talked about therapy. We talked mostly about literature or listened to music (classical or jazz) and drunk beer, another of his passions. He was prepared to walk miles to sample a particular beer and once walked me practically to a standstill around the many pubs of Heidelberg, each having its own special brand. He also brewed his own.

The world of therapy has lost a clear and original thinker, a creative iconoclast, and many of us have lost a valued friend. He was not always the easiest of people to get on with. He could be very opinionated, was somewhat eccentric and did not suffer fools easily. He seemed much more at home in Europe than in America and, in fact, spent a lot of his time here. He once told me, "American audiences don’t seem to like me: they don’t understand my sense of humour". He was much more caring than his sometimes gruff and abrupt exterior suggested. I found him, as I know others did, to be a very good friend.

The last conversation I had with Steve was by telephone some months ago. We were bemoaning the fact that so many teenage girls were coming to see us and subsequently referring their friends to us, and that we had discovered a facility for engaging and talking with these young women - "forty five years too late".

21. ROY RICHARD GRINKER, (1914-2006) EDUCATOR IN PSYCHIATRY: MARVINE HOWE: NEW YORK TIMES: Dr. Roy Richard Grinker, an educator in psychiatry and psychoanalysis for nearly six decades, died Sunday at his home in Chicago. He was 92. The cause was a stroke, said his grandson, Dr. Roy R. Grinker 3d. Dr. Grinker was the founder and former chairman of the Institute of Psychosomatic and Psychiatric Research and Training at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago.

He studied under Sigmund Freud from 1933 to 1935. At the centennial of Freud's birth in 1956, he said Freud had left "much unfinished business to his followers, which can only be accomplished if yesterday's ideas are considered as points of departure and not as fixed limitations."

Dr. Grinker influenced many leading psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Besides establishing the Psychosomatic and Psychiatric Institute in 1950, he was professor emeritus of three universities: the University of Chicago, the University of Illinois and Northwestern.

He was also a longtime chief editor of the American Medical Association's Archives of General Psychiatry. He wrote 28 books and 368 professional articles. His best-known book, "Men Under Stress" (The Blakiston Company, 1945), was written with Maj. John P. Spiegel when Dr. Grinker was a colonel in the Air Force and discusses neurotic disabilities of servicemen.

A native of Chicago, he graduated from the University of Chicago and received his M.D. from Rush Medical College in 1921. He began his academic career as an instructor in neurology at Northwestern in 1925. He headed the Psychosomatic and Psychiatric Institute until his retirement in 1976, but continued teaching until 1989.

He was awarded the Distinguished Service Award of the American Psychiatric Association in 1972. That same year, his associates and former students published a book in his honor, "Modern Psychiatry and Clinical Research" (Basic Books).

I had great respect for Dr. Spiegel whose mind was open to the wider field of hypnotherapy. I offer this tribute to him.

SUBJECT: MEMORIAL FOR HERBERT SPIEGEL, M.D. AT COLUMBIA FEBRUARY 19TH DATE: Monday, January 18, 2010 1:19 AM: My family and I are touched by the outpouring of sympathy, stories, respect, and affection for Dad and we thank you for it. Columbia University is planning a memorial in Dad's honor starting at 9:30 on the morning of Friday, February 19th. We will discuss his life and contributions to psychiatry prior to the Fourth Annual Herbert Spiegel Lecture, to be given by noted emotion researcher, Richard Davidson, from the University of Wisconsin. You are cordially invited to attend. I will send more details as they become available.

With warm wishes, David

David Spiegel, M.D.

Willson Professor in the School of Medicine

Associate Chair

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences

Stanford University School of Medicine

401 Quarry Road, Office 2325

Stanford, CA 94305-5718

650 723-6421 phone

650 498-6678 fax

email: dspiegel@stanford.edu

website: http://stresshealthcenter.stanford.edu

MEMORIAL SERVICE HERBERT SPIEGEL, M.D. (JUNE 29, 1914 - DECEMBER 15, 2009): Friday, February 19 at 9:00 AM in the 1st Floor Hellman Auditorium, Columbia University

New York State Psychiatric Institute

1051 Riverside Drive

New York, NY 10032

Please join us at 11:00, following the memorial, for the Fourth Herbert Spiegel Lecture by Richard J. Davidson, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin: "Order and Disorder in the Emotional Brain."

PROGRAM:

Dr. Spiegel’s contributions to the fields of Hypnosis and Psychiatry, many of which were developed during his decades of teaching and research at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, will be discussed by:

Marcia Greenleaf, Ph.D., Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Medical Staff, Lenox Hill Hospital, NYC; Past Secretary: American Society of Clinical Hypnosis

Donald Connery, Journalist and Author of The Inner Source: Exploring Hypnosis with Dr. Herbert Spiegel

Richard Kluft, M.D., Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Temple University School of Medicine; Immediate Past President, Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Past President, American Society for Clinical Hypnosis;

Phillip Muskin, M.D., Professor, Clinical Psychiatry: Chief of Service: Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

Edward Frischholz, Ph.D., North Shore University Health System, Chicago; Past Editor, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

Elvira Lang, M.D., Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; President and Founder, Hypnalgesics, LLC; President, Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

Eric Vermetten, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Head of Research, Military Mental Health, University Medical Center, Utrecht; The Netherlands; Immediate Past President, International Society of Hypnosis

David Spiegel, M.D., Willson Professor and Associate Chair of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Past President: Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, American College of Psychiatrists

HERBERT SPIEGEL, DOCTOR WHO POPULARIZED HYPNOSIS, DIES AT 95 - OBITUARY (OBIT) - DUANE MICHALS: NY TIMES Dr. Herbert Spiegel in 1974, working with a patient who wanted to stop smoking. Patients from near and far sought him out. A New York psychiatrist, Dr. Spiegel, who died on Dec. 15 at the age of 95, was far and away the country’s most visible and persuasive advocate for therapeutic hypnosis, having established it as a mainstream medical technique.

Beginning in the 1950s, he described the technique, both its uses and misuses, in magazine articles and in courtrooms. In the 1960s, he developed the first quick and practical test for individual susceptibility to hypnosis; it is still widely used. In later decades he appeared on television programs like "60 Minutes" and he helped treat the woman known as Sybil, whose controversial case became the subject of a book and inspired two television movies. In a famous course at Columbia University, Dr. Spiegel taught generations of doctors the art and science of hypnosis — how concentrated relaxation and suggestion can have a powerful effect on thinking and behavior. His son, Dr. David Spiegel, a psychiatrist at Stanford University, said his father had died in his sleep at his home on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, not far from Elaine’s, where Dr. Herbert Spiegel’s regular table was near Woody Allen’s at what was a fixture of the New York intellectual and creative scene in the 1960s and ’70s.

A trained Freudian analyst, Dr. Spiegel came to see traditional, open-ended psychoanalysis as too costly and meandering for many patients — and hypnosis as a way to accelerate healing, effecting change in some people even in a single session. As Dr. Spiegel’s reputation grew, performers and politicians in New York and prominent people from around the world made their way to his office in Manhattan.

It was in the early ’60s that he filled in for Dr. Cornelia B. Wilbur, the therapist who had been treating a troubled woman named Shirley Mason, who appeared to communicate through several distinct personalities. Her case became the basis for the popular 1973 book "Sybil," by Flora Rheta Schreiber, and two television adaptations, one in 1976 with Joanne Woodward and Sally Field and the other in 2008 with Jessica Lange.

Critics later challenged Dr. Wilbur’s methods, saying they had encouraged the woman’s behavior. Dr. Spiegel agreed. He argued that Sybil had disassociation disorder, not multiple personalities, and he voiced his reservations when the book became part of a debate in recent years over the causes of such disorders. Yet more than anything, it was Dr. Spiegel’s rigorous studies of hypnosis, as well as his easygoing, matter-of-fact presence, that most impressed other doctors and patients.

"He wasn’t Svengali-like; he didn’t have this Mesmer voice," said Dr. Philip R. Muskin, a psychiatrist at Columbia. "He was a regular guy with this Midwestern accent who explained in a very straightforward way that hypnosis was something you could learn that’s useful. He really took the techniques out of the dark alleys, out of Hollywood and the world of the circus, and moved them into mainstream medicine."

Many therapists now use hypnosis to aid treatment, and the National Institutes of Health have financed dozens of studies of the technique to reduce pain and accelerate healing.

Herbert Spiegel was born on June 29, 1914, in McKeesport, Pa., one of four children of Sam and Lena Spiegel. His father ran a successful wholesale grocery business; his mother, the household.

Their only son attended the University of Pittsburgh before enrolling in medical school at the University of Maryland, where he graduated in 1939. After completing his internship at St. Francis Hospital in Pittsburgh, he did a residency in psychiatry at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington, where he first learned hypnosis.

But it was during World War II — Dr. Spiegel served as a battalion surgeon in North Africa from 1942 to 1946 — that the young doctor first witnessed the power of hypnosis. "I discovered that it was possible to use persuasion and suggestion to help the men return to previous levels of function" after severe combat stress, he later wrote. He used the same techniques on himself after suffering a shrapnel wound that earned him a Purple Heart.

Dr. Spiegel’s first marriage, to Dr. Natalie Shainess, ended in divorce. In addition to his son, he is survived by a daughter, Dr. Ann Spiegel, a pediatrician in Phoenix; four grandchildren; and his wife, Marcia Greenleaf, a therapist who collaborated with him and who was with him at his death. Dr. Spiegel received a long list of awards and held academic appointments at a number of institutions, including John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York University and, for more than 20 years, Columbia. His book "Trance and Treatment: Clinical Uses of Hypnosis," written with his son, is a classic in the field. But he was, until the end, a therapist. "He saw a patient a few days before he died," his son said.

SPIEGEL REBUTS NEGATIVE STATEMENT BY SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENT HYPNOSIS: Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Resolution adopted October, 1978: "The society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Views with alarm the tendency for police officers with Minimal training in hypnosis and without a broad Professional background in the healing arts employing Hypnosis to presumably facilitate recall of witnesses or Victims. The Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Views it as unethical to train lay individuals in the Use of hypnosis, to collaborate with laymen in the use Of hypnosis, or to serve as a consultant for laymen Who are utilizing hypnosis.

REBUTTAL TO IHS STAND ON POLICE USE OF FORENSIC HYPNOSIS: Dr. Herbert Spiegel, Professor of Psychology Columbia University School of Medicine: Dr. Herbert Spiegel, In a letter to Dr. Fred Frankel, President of the International Society of Hypnosis, published in the American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis (Vol.. 23, No. 2), sought a reconsideration of the ISH resolution regarding the use of hypnosis by non-medical personnel, and denying hypnosis to investigators. In part, Dr. Spiegel wrote: "If we have any special knowledge about hypnosis. It is our ethical obligation to share this knowledge with others who in their own field are diligently pursuing their own work. By sharing we can very likely learn from them as well. To presumptuously claim that only we can utilize this knowledge inflates our role, invites ridicule, and undermines our own credibility.

Is a police interrogator any less competent to handle a possible abreaction or to seek appropriate psychiatric or psychological help than a dentist? Since it is well documented that dentist make excellent use of hypnosis, why do we expect less of another professional group whose primary training is likewise not in psychology or psychiatry or medicine."

OBITUARY VIKKI ASHLEY (75 YEARS OLD)DEATH NOTICE: VIKKI ASHLEY’S OBITUARY BY THE TIMES-PICAYUNE: AUG 2009: ASHLEY Dr. Vikki Ashley passed away at the age of 75 in her home on the morning of August 1st, 2009. Vikki was the beloved wife of Dr. Robert Daniels and mother of Donald Rickman, Donna Rickman, and Alan Rickman. She was born in Champaign, IL on October 13th, 1933 as the eldest of 12 children. Vikki majored in music at Manhattanville College where she played the violin, piano, and organ. She later attended the Union Institute where she received her PhD in organizational psychology and management. As an author of three books, Vikki was a multi-talented dynamic woman with expertise in writing, psychology, clinical hypnotherapy, and entrepreneurship. A prominent member of the New Orleans community with her signature red hat she will be greatly missed by all who knew her well. Relatives and friends are invited to attend the visitation at Jacob Schoen and Son Funeral Home, 3827 Canal St. at N. Scott St., on Thursday, August 13th, 2009. Visitation will begin at 1:00 PM followed by a memorial service at 2:00 PM.

COMMENTS: "Dear Bob & All of Vikki's Loved Ones, Our condolences. Vikki will be missed on Delachaise St. as in all the places where she is known and loved." Theresa & Joe LeFevre (New Orleans, LA) "Vikki's enthusiastic and joyful approach to life will be remembered by all who knew her. My thoughts and prayers to her family." Mimi Pelton (Houston, TX) "May your hearts soon be filled with wonderful memories of joyful times together as you celebrate a life well lived." Dr. Bernel Sanders, DCH (College Park, GA) "To The Family of Dr. Vikki Ashley: I was saddened to learn of the death of Vikki. I will remember the family in my prayers, especially during these difficult times, and trust that you will know the special love and comfort that only God can give. ..." "To the family with deepest sympathy. Vikki was our inspiration, mentor and friend. We will never forget you. Sandy, Chris & Noah" Sandy Blum (Metairie, LA)

23. DR. VIKKI ASHLEY (1933-2009): HOW TO BE A BITCH WITH STYLE: About Dr. Vikki Ashley: Vikki Ashley, PhD, CHt is an author, psychologist, clinical hypnotherapist, entrepreneur, musician, former university executive and adjunct professor, politician, developer of innovative and creative programs at local, state and national levels, active volunteer--locally and nationally--and once divorced, single mother, fully responsible for three children. Now mother of seven--one deceased at age 30 from AIDS, two natural children and four spiritual children acquired through a second marriage to Bob Daniels. In addition, she is the eldest of twelve (ten living) and is now the oldest living individual in her entire family. She and Bob live in New Orleans.

Background: Dr. Vikki was born in Champaign, IL October 13, 1933 and grew up in Xenia, Oh where her father was a department head at Wilberforce University and Central State College. She attended Manhattanville College, majored in music education (played piano, organ, violin); briefly attended University of San Diego Law School. She received her PhD in 1974 from the Union Institute in Organizational Behavior and Management. She was the assistant to Dr. Herbert York, Chancellor of the University of California, San Diego at La Jolla at the inception of the university.

Professional: As Director of Educational Opportunity and assistant to the Vice President for Administration and adjunct professor of counseling and guidance at San Diego State University. She was responsible for legislative lobbying for California's first Equal Opportunity Bill. She played a role on the state and national level in lobbying for women's and minority higher educational opportunity. Dr. Vikki left San Diego State to become an entrepreneur and designed and directed the Rockefeller Counseling Institute that changed the way San Diego City Schools implemented counseling and guidance and San Diego State educated counselors. Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation for two years. Dr. Warren Bennis asked her to direct the affirmative action program at the University of Cincinnati and she did so from 1971-1975. She then returned to San Diego, ran for the State Senate from the 40th district, had a great time but lost, and then returned to entrepreneurial life where she remains today as President and CEO of P3 and founder and President of the P3 Wellness Resource and Distribution Center in New Orleans.

Recognitions and Awards: Among special recognitions and awards: March 2002 recognition when the four new simulation laboratories of the Isidore Cohn Student Learning Center were named The Drs. Robert S. Daniels and Vikki Ashley Simulation Laboratories. April 2003, the annual Drs. Robert S Daniels and Vikki Ashley Distinguished Lectureship In Medical Education, a four-year scholarship to Manhattanville College to the distinguished and internationally known Pius X School of Music. Scholarship to University of San Diego Law School. Was appointed by Ronald Reagan to the California Commission on the Status of Women where she chaired the child care committee and presented the first such state report to the federal government chronicling the severe need for child care to support working women and families. She was also the first nonlegislator to chair two committees of the California legislature's joint legislative hearing on child care for the state of California. Was a member of the national Commission on the Status of Women during Executive Order 11264's thrust for equal opportunity for women.

Consultations: Numerous consultations nationally, statewide and local occupied Dr. Vikki's professional life including such clients as the U.S. Navy (San Diego, Pearl Harbor), U.S. Office of Education, HEW; City and County of San Diego, San Diego City Schools, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, College Entrance Examination Board, Center for Research and Development, Berkeley, CA, LSU Healthcare Network, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Hospital, The Johnson Foundation, Racine, WI,, Federal Executive Institute, Chjarlottesville, VA; American Council on Education, Washington, DC; Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical - San Diego, U.S. Postal Service Western Division, U.S. Postal Service Training and Development Institute - Bethesda, MD;

Life's Work - Now: Her life's work is to communicate - speak, write about and inspire the development of health, wealth, love and perfect self-expression in women especially and in leaders, executives, managers, employees and individuals regardless of gender. Her experience and research have convinced her that one can only be healthy if one is in total control of her or his Self and willing to live the truth that health is the integration and balancing of spiritual, mental, emotional and physical states of energy. Health (and dis-ease states) occur in people, organizations, systems, government and nations!! Dr. Vikki developed a human SWOTs™ (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) process designed to develop and sustain total control of our lives! The foundation for all growth and use of SWOTs rests on the answer to the questions "Who am I?", "Why am I here?" and "What does this all mean?" - applicable to people, organizations, systems, government and nations and represent the "first order of business" when one is confronted with crisis, chaos and significant emotional events (SEEs). Simultaneously we must consciously learn to love our Selfs before we can love others. "Put on your oxygen mask first," says Dr. Ashley, "before you help anyone else put on theirs. You can't help anyone else when you are dead spiritually, mentally, emotionally, or literally! Fill your cup first so you can share from it with others of your choice. Half empty or empty cups breed hostility, resentment and anger. Empty lives do the same. Know Thy Self: your behavior, values, perceptions and goals and keep your eye on your horizon because your thoughts control your life! Remember: You are never late for your appointment with destiny! As a result, you will be healthy, happy and successful."Dr. Ashley describes herself as "a dynamic Cosmic Spark Plug". All who know her agree!

Books authored:

1. How To Be A BITCH With Style: Being In Total Control of Herself. 1999. ISBN 0-9669493-0-7. 504pp. NOLA: Atalaria Publishers

2. Alan's Song of Love: Our AIDS Odyssey. 2000. ISBN 0-9669493-2-3. 224pp. NOLA: Atalaria Publishers.

3. How To Be A BITCH With Style Tool Kit. ISBN 0-9669493-1-5. NOLA: Atalaria Publishers. Coming in 2004.

4. Dr. Vikki: BITCH On the Airwaves. NOLA: Atalaria Publishers.

A Being In Total Control of Herself or Himself! Dr. Vikki Ashley

Dr. Vikki Ashley was a member of he Louisiana Hypnotherapy Organization.

CHARLENE FROM HER KIDS: "Thanks Mom for all you’ve given and all that you will continue to give. You have left us with an example of living life to its fullest and following your dreams. The lives you’ve touched are countless and grateful. We know that you lived for your grandkids, and they will always remember their "goofy" Grandma A. We are so proud of you!"

CHARLENE FROM MELISSA ROTH: Charlene was ill for some time but didn't realize it. We did a joint training in Sedona in April and she was having digestive problems and flagging energy but she had a great time. I insisted on sightseeing and she had fun but it wore her out. She said age was catching up to her. Then, on July 2 words coming out of her mouth were not the ones going on in her head. She had a small stroke. They picked up that her enzymes were off when they ran general blood work, did a scan and found spots on both her pancreas and liver. [Editor’s note at that time she began chemotherapy] She got out of the hospital and went on an Alaskan cruise for 10 days and had a blast. Then, she flew to Boston to speak at a guild convention but was hospitalized in Boston and never got to do her presentation. [Editor’s note: She told Traci Birken, "This is no big deal I will recover from this and write about it in one of my books." Traci believed her]. She was hospitalized again when she got home to Wisconsin. I talked to her the day she got out. She was surprised and a little aghast that they sent to hospice. She told me, "They think I'm going to die." It didn't enter her consciousness that she would.I think it is very important what we say to ourselves. Last October, I confided to her a vision I had in September. The vision was that my stay in Alabama for this long was complete and I could leave now. I meant I was free to relocate. She jumped on it and started talking about how she couldn't wait to go "home." Finally, I stopped her and explained that in my Southern idiom "go home" meant relocate; not leave the planet. She had run on for several minutes by then. I wondered about it but didn't say anything. I guess I should have. Fortunately, Charlene didn't realize she was ill until July. So, she didn't suffer long. That's good.

25. OBITUARY FOR LEON CHERTOK (1911-1991): PSYCHOANALYSIS: LEON CHERTOK (1911-1991): A French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst of Russian origin, Leon Chertok (Lejb Tchertok) was born October 31, 1911, in Lida (a Byelorussian city near Vilnius, Lithuania) and died July 6, 1991, in Deauville, France. Because of the educational quotas for Jews in Poland, Chertok studied medicine in Prague, where he defended his dissertation in 1938. On his way to America to escape the Nazi invasion, he stopped in France, where war broke out in 1939. He volunteered for the army, was demobilized in 1940, and entered the Resistance, where he worked mostly with the Jewish MOI section ("Main-d'oeuvre immigrae," which brought together communist and foreign militants). Appointed to head the Mouvement National contre le Racisme (MNCR) [National Movement Against Racism], he founded the clandestine newspaper Combat medicial and played an active role in saving Jewish children threatened with deportation. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre. After the war his interest turned to psychiatry and he spent several months at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City before being made a doctor of medicine in 1948 by the School of Medicine of the University of Paris. Between 1949 and 1963 he served as a resident and then an assistant at the Hospital of Villejuif, where, with Victor Gachkel, he became co-director of the Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, which they had recently created. From 1963 to 1972 he was head of the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine at the La Rochefoucauld Psychiatry Institute in Paris, then, from 1972 to 1981, the director of the Daejerine Center for Psychosomatic Medicine, in Paris, where, with Didier Michaux, he started a hypnosis laboratory. The founder and executive secretary of the Social Fran- aise de Maedicine Psychosomatique, he was also editor-in-chief of the Revue de medecine psychosomatique.

In 1948 he began a training analysis with Jacques Lacan, which was concluded in 1953, during the first split in the French psychoanalytic movement. In spite of supervised analyses with both Marc Schlumberger and Maurice Bouvet, Chertok the nonconformist was not admitted to the Social Psychanalytique de Paris; the fact that he made extensive use of hypnosis in his practice, becoming one of the leading specialists in France, certainly did not improve his chances of admission. His practice, and the many articles he wrote about his work, ultimately pushed him further and further from traditional psychoanalysis. Nonetheless, in 1973 he co-authored, with Raymond de Saussure, La Naissance du psychanalyse, de Mesmer   Freud, a historical work on the origins of Freudian psychoanalysis that has become a classic. At the request of Philippe Bassine and A. E. Sherozia, he also organized a symposium on the unconscious held in Tbilisi, Georgia, in October 1979, which was attended by a number of psychoanalysts, including several from France. This was the first official event where psychoanalysis was openly discussed in Soviet Russia. However, hypnosis was Chertok's true field of research and the subject of considerable thought. In 1987, toward the end of his life, his work took a new turn when he and Isabelle Stengers began a seminar entitled "L'hypnose, probl ¨me interdisciplinaire."

A CRITIQUE OF PSYCHOANALYTIC REASON, LÂEON CHERTOK: Synopsis: This original and provocative work begins by examining the shift of scientific paradigms that took place in the late eighteenth century, a shift illustrated by the report of a French Royal Commission appointed in 1784 to investigate Mesmerism. The reactions to Mesmerism among the Commission members--in particular the chemist Lavoisier and the botanist Jussieu--crystallized conflicts about the notion of reason and its role as a scientific ideal, about how science ought to be done. The Commission's denunciation of Mesmerism as the work of the "imagination" then serves as the starting point for the authors' reconsideration of the history of psychoanalysis, notably its suppression and repression of phenomena associated with hypnosis--imagination, suggestion, and empathy--in its search to establish itself as a science in accord with the new ideal of scientific reason. Examining the new and often troubled relationship in psychoanalysis between therapeutic effectiveness and advances in theory, the authors highlight the challenge to Freudian ideals in the 1920's by Otto Rank and Sandor Ferenczi. The discrediting of Ferenczi--engineered to a large extent by Ernest Jones and Freud himself--was an attempt to "purify" psychoanalysis of the effects of suggestion. The authors discuss Freud's own therapeutic nihilism occasioned by his recognition that suggestion, by means of the transference relationship, played an uncontrollable role in psychoanalytic therapy. In assessing Freud's legacy, the authors examine evolving notions of psychoanalysis, especially the role played by the effects of suggestion in recent theoretical representations of the development of the subject. Asserting that hypnosis and the challenge it poses to our understanding of human motivation, reason, and the mind/body relationship constitutes the fourth narcissistic wound to the human ego (after those introduced by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud), the authors analyze Lacan's rejection of hypnosis and explaining the controversy surrounding such phenomena as imagination, suggestion, and empathy, from the late 18th century rejection of Mesmerism by the scientific establishment through psychoanalysts' "purification" of their profession by purging hypnosis, to current notions. Translated from the 1989 French version

MEMOIRS OF A HERETIC: HYPNOSIS AND RESISTANCE: Leon Chertok Memoirs of a Heretic: Hypnosis and Resistance. Leon Chertok’s name remains linked to hypnosis. He is known for his life-long battle to develop and help spread the practice of hypnosis in France and on an international scale. But he was also extremely well-versed in the history of psychoanalysis. He writes with great freedom here about both psychoanalysis and hypnosis, examining the causes — historic, personal and scientific — that pitted them against each other. Chertok, a complex, multi-faceted man, led a varied life, full of surprises and ... Leon Chertok’s name remains linked to hypnosis. He is known for his life-long battle to develop and help spread the practice of hypnosis in France and on an international scale. But he was also extremely well-versed in the history of psychoanalysis. He writes with great freedom here about both psychoanalysis and hypnosis, examining the causes — historic, personal and scientific — that pitted them against each other.

Chertok, a complex, multi-faceted man, led a varied life, full of surprises and contrasts. Fiercely antagonistic of dogmatism in psychoanalysis, he was nonetheless hailed in Moscow for introducing psychoanalysis to the Soviet Union. Though fully aware of Stalinist ravings against pain-free childbirth and of the nostalgia felt by Central European Jews for the shtetl, the lost archipelago, he was indefatigable in his efforts to build bridges between East and West during the Cold War. Though known for disorderliness and for constantly misplacing his keys and eyeglasses, he spent the war years underground in the Resistance, where the slightest slip-up or oversight could result in death. Chertok’s memoirs give us a new insight into the life of the "Father of Hypnosis" — a life spent fighting on various fronts. Léon Chertok was born in Lida, Russia, in 1911. He studied medicine in Czechoslovakia and came to Paris in 1939. After the war, he began training in psychiatry and psychoanalysis. In the following years, his growing interest in psychosomatic disorders led him to develop the much-contested but now generally recognized practice of hypnosis. He died in Paris in 1991.

26. OBITUARY: ANDER SALTER: BEHAVIOR THERAPIST, 82, DIES: KAREN FREEMAN: OCT 1996: Andrew Salter, a psychologist who helped develop the theoretical underpinnings and clinical applications of behavior therapy decades before the field became popular, died on Monday at his home in Manhattan. He was 82. The cause was cancer, said Dr. William J. Salter, his son. Mr. Salter, recognized as a founder of behavior therapy, was one of the first to take the findings from experimental psychology on things like conditioned reflexes and apply those principles to solving people's problems. He rejected psychoanalysis, with its years of probing into the roots of neuroses, arguing in the 1940's that a psychologist could help people who were overly anxious, shy or depressed much more quickly by teaching them to change their behavior. Dr. Gerald C. Davison, a psychology professor at the University of Southern California, wrote that Mr. Salter had been so far ahead of the behaviorist wave of the 1960's that many younger behavioral psychologists were unaware of his work.

He said Mr. Salter's ideas ''have become so widely accepted that he is often not formally cited when contemporary writers in behavior therapy refer to assertion training, expressiveness training, 'getting in touch with one's feelings,' '' all early ideas of Mr. Salter's that became popular later. Dr. Davison made those comments in recommending that the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy present Mr. Salter with its lifetime achievement award, which it will do posthumously, on Nov. 23. He is the second psychologist to win the award. Mr. Salter took an unconventional path to an unusual career. Born in Waterbury, Conn., he graduated from New York University in 1937 with a bachelor's degree in psychology and a burning interest in research, but no patience for postgraduate work. ''I had no desire to spend the rest of my life studying the reactions of rats lost in labyrinths,'' he once said. He plunged into research and clinical practice, which was possible with a bachelor's degree at the time, and was allowed to continue to practice when the state later set more rigid licensing standards. He continued his practice until a few months ago.

Hypnosis had captured Mr. Salter's interest in college, and he looked for ways to use it in clinical practice. He developed techniques for self-hypnosis but initially found it hard to publish his work because he did not have the necessary academic credentials. A psychologist at Yale University, Dr. Clark Leonard Hull, helped him publish an article in The Journal of General Psychology in 1941. He came to national attention that year when Life magazine publicized his ideas about short-term psychotherapy. In 1944, he published his first book, ''What Is Hypnosis?''

In 1949, Mr. Salter published ''Conditioned Reflex Therapy,'' which took many of the principles developed by those who did watch rats run mazes and used them to develop short-term therapies for neuroses. In an interview, Dr. Davison called it ''a landmark book in experimentally based psychotherapy.'' The therapy Mr. Salter employed encouraged patients to express their emotions and used visual imagery to reduce anxiety. It also moved people past their fears by gradually getting them accustomed to being around the things they feared. In 1952, Mr. Salter published ''The Case Against Psychoanalysis,'' in which he looked at the scientific basis for that field and pronounced it weak. The book generated much controversy, said Dr. Alan E. Kazdin, a psychology professor at Yale, particularly because Mr. Salter used such vivid language to wield his literary club. ''One of his phrases was that trying to pin down psychoanalysis was like nailing lemon meringue to a wall,'' Dr. Kazdin said. ''But what made him special was that he didn't just criticize. He came up with an alternative, applied it and helped develop a whole movement.' Besides his son William, of Harvard, Mass., Mr. Salter is survived by his wife, Rhoda; another son, Robert, of Tarrytown, N.Y.; a sister, Bertha Seigel of Montgomery County, Md., and three grandchildren.

Andrew Salter received his BA from NYU, and was "grand-fathered in" as a practicing (Manhattan at 1000 Park Avenue at East 84th Street) psychologist with only a BA. He was a genius who was fluent in seven languages. He first made his mark clearing out the alcoholic's ward at New York's Bellevue Hospital by curing patients with hypnosis and teaching them self-hypnosis (autosuggestion). Salter was the first nationally recognized opponent of psychoanalysis. He was a dedicated critic of Freud. His book "The Case Against Psychoanalysis" was so controversial that the New York Times gave it two reviews, one extremely positive and one extremely negative. Salter proclaimed in this post-war tome, "psychoanalysis has outlived its usefulness." Salter chucked psychoanalysis and replaced it with Pavlovian conditioning under hypnosis. In the conditioned reflex, he has seen the essence of hypnosis. He gave a rebirth to hypnotism by combining it with classical conditioning.

Andrew Salter was and remains the most passionate opponent of Classical Freudian Psychoanalysis and believed that A. A. Brill (who was Sigmund Freud's official English translator) had "homogenized" Freud's work and deliberately omitted passages which Brill considered to be too radical, conflicting or bizarre. Salter spent three years studying everything Freud and his contemporaries had written, including correspondence with Carl Jung and Anna Freud, mostly in the original German before writing his "autopsy" of Psychoanalysis, "The Case Against Psychoanalysis" which today remains the best work ever written critiquing Freud's theories. Today's academic texts "soft pedal" many of Freud's theories, making Psychoanalysis more "palatable" due largely in part to Salter's works and those who came after him. Salter also brought attention to the fact that Pavlovian Psychology was a lot more than simple Classical Conditioning, citing the work done in Pavlov's Russian laboratory for over a quarter of a century. Salter is considered by many to be the "father of behavior therapy". Salter is certainly one of the first psychotherapists who adapted and applied learning theories to clinical practice.

Salter believed in releasing personal "inhibitions" by practicing techniques leading to what he called "excitation" which results in "disinhibition", a state which he described as akin to being slightly drunk. Chapter 8 in "Conditioned Reflex Therapy" contains all of the "exercises" (like the deliberate use of the word "I") leading to a state of excitation. Today, excitation, a term from the Pavlovian lexicon, might be referred to as a combination of "assertion" and "disinhibition". Salter, as did other "behaviorists" of the time, also had his patients learn & practice Edmund Jacobson's technique of "progressive relaxation".

Salter's hypnotic and relaxation techniques were first explained in his book, "What Is Hypnosis?" which was proclaimed a work of genius by Theodore X. Barber, a physiologist who researched hypnotic induction (Barber and Calverley) during the post World War II era. Salter's writing is brilliant and the style excellent. Informative, entertaining and well worth reading. Salter was a serious writer with a great sense of humor and irony. Salter is often considered to be the founder of assertiveness training, although he did not use the term himself. His book Conditioned Reflex Therapy (1949) describes many case studies in which he used primitive assertiveness techniques, termed "excitatory exercises", which became the basis of subsequent behavior therapy for assertiveness.

Salter's techniques were revived among college students during the early and mid 1970's at Bernard M. Baruch College (City University of New York) by student leader and newspaper ("The Ticker") editor Richard Rodriguez, who was introduced to Salter's work by ex-Marine and fellow student, Brian Guerre. After corresponding with Salter, Rodriguez held training sessions on campus in the office of his "Health Sciences Society" organization which he founded in 1972. Over a two year period, Rodriguez trained over two hundred students in progressive relaxation and autosuggestion, which improved the students' ability to study and perform better on exams. Mr. Rodriguez's motto was "relax to your purpose". Richard Rodriguez, a former math & science teacher; former NYCTA (MTA) manager; current member of The National Citizens Coal for Nursing Home Reform [NCCNHR.org] and the National Association of Social Workers [NASW.org]; currently serves pro bono publico on the Board of Directors of the National Alliance of Family Councils, Inc. ([UnitedFamilyCouncils.org]) On July 4, 2008, Rodriguez created and posted an online journal exalting liberty and free speech at [FreedomQwest.org]. In a recent interview, Rodriguez stated: "Although we now know much more about the workings and chemistry of the brain then was known 65 years ago, Salter's techniques remain extremely effective and life altering. His works remained in print for over 25 years and have been translated in over a dozen languages and his books have won numerous awards." The Salter family has recently promoted the re-publication of "Conditioned Reflex Therapy" which was Salter's most influential work. Besides his son William, of Harvard, Mass., Mr. Salter is survived by his wife, Rhoda; another son, Robert, of Tarrytown, N.Y.; a sister, Bertha Seigel of Montgomery County, Md., and three grandchildren.

27. OBITUARY TONY GIBSON (1914-2001): Dr Hamilton Bertie (Tony) Gibson died in Cambridge on March 22nd, 2001 at the age of 86. From 1970 to 1976 he was Principal Lecturer and Head of the Department of Psychology at Hatfield Polytechnic (now the University of Hertfordshire) and, prior to retiring in 1979, Senior Research Fellow, a position he thereafter retained in an honorary capacity. Tony was also a Clinical Psychologist and is best known in that field for his Spiral Maze Test, a widely used instrument for assessing psychomotor ability. Tony's first choice of career was medicine, and in 1934 he embarked on a MB Part I at Kings College London. However, he abandoned this and it was not until 1956 that he became a graduate, with a first-class honors degree in sociology from the London School of Economics. Thereafter he was drawn to psychology. He qualified in clinical psychology in 1957. He was a research assistant under Hans Eysenck at the Institute of Psychiatry from 1958 to 1961 and he completed his doctoral dissertation in 1962. He worked and published research on the Maudsley Personality Inventory, notably the Junior version. From 1961 to 1969 he was a research psychologist at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, his main work being in delinquency. At an early stage in his academic career, Tony had an interest in suggestibility and hypnosis, which he shared with several of his colleagues at the Institute of Psychiatry, including Eysenck himself and W.D. Furneaux. From 1974 onwards he published papers on hypnotic susceptibility, theories of hypnosis, historical aspects, and professional and legal issues. It was largely due to his initial efforts that 1978 saw the founding of the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis (BSECH). For many years he was its president. His first academic book was an introduction to hypnosis (Hypnosis: Its Nature and Therapeutic Uses, London: Peter Owen, 1977).

In the period following his retirement until his death, he was extraordinarily active and prolific in his writing, which reveals the wide range of his interests. He continued to publish papers on hypnosis, and one further book on that subject appeared that he and I co-authored (Hypnosis in Therapy by H.B. Gibson and M. Heap, Hove and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991). He also wrote a biography of Hans Eysenck (Hans Eysenck: The Man and His Work, London: Peter Owen, 1981) and books on the psychology of pain, ageing and sex. Tony had an interesting life. He was from a comfortable middleclass background in Essex and was educated at Cranleigh public school. Following his abandonment of his medical training he was attracted to the Bohemian life of Fitzrovia, Soho and Bloomsbury in London. At one stage he worked as an artist’s life model and his handsome face became one of the best known in the country when he posed for an advertisement for Brylcreem. In 1940 an RAF cap was added plus the caption 'For active service' and he became known as the 'Brylcreem Boy'. In fact, by then Tony had become an anarchist and was a conscientious objector. Amongst other things he spent the war as an ambulance man and a farm labourer. The story is told that his first callout was to attend two soldiers, one of whom had bumped his nose, while the other had fainted at the sight of the blood. From 1945 to 1953 he was first a handyman and then a teacher of woodwork and biology at Burgess Hill, a progressive school in Hampstead, London. He and his partner Betty Cummings (they did not actually marry until 1979) were members of the Forward Movement, an anarchist group within the Peace Pledge Union. He published papers and pamphlets on themes such as work, religion and libertarianism. In 1952 he wrote a pamphlet, published by Freedom Press, entitled Youth for Freedom, Freedom for Youth, in which he expressed his optimism in the future through fostering free will by liberal education. Betty, who was a crucial support to him, died in 1984 and from then on his companion was Carol Graham. He and Betty had two children, Peter and Jenny. I knew Tony professionally and personally from around 1978, when BSECH was founded. However, it was not until 1985 that I discovered that he had an active interest in skepticism. The occasion was the 3rd Annual International Conference on the Paranormal at University College London, sponsored by CSICOP. Many of the leading lights of the skeptical movement were there. At the end of one lecture, a very tedious exposition of the fallacy that we are in the Age of Aquarius, Tony's hand shot up and in characteristic form, he bawled out the question, 'Why do waste your time on such a load of codswallop?' Later he wrote articles and letters on skeptical matters, notably alternative medicine (e.g. Quackupuncture: A question of medical ethics, The Skeptic 1992, 9, 18-20) and religion – he was an aggressive atheist.

Tony’s character was as rich and complex as his life. Both in writing and in voice he was famously abrupt and outspoken. He was committed to science and rationality and he detested intellectual pretensions to power and authority that were not otherwise based, hence his belief in anarchism and, in later life, his attacks on New Age occultism, alternative medicine and anything that he perceived as charlatanism. In company he was never, ever dull and was often acerbically very amusing. He had a keen sense of the ridiculous and delighted in exploiting the absurdity of situations in which he occasionally found himself. He did not suffer fools gladly. He had the loudest of stage whispers and a lifelong stammer. He was at all times his own man. He hated the restrictions that old age and infirmity imposed upon him; even so, it is a great sadness that this was reflected in the manner of his death.

I wish there were more people like Tony. But not too many. The following is a piece that Tony Gibson wrote for the BSECH Newsletter in 1982/3 and which is reprinted in the 2001 issue of the Skeptical Intelligencer. It is 'classic Tony'.

28. DR MILTON V. KLINE DIES: NEW YORK TIMES: 2009:Dr. Milton V. Kline, Psychologist and pioneer in hypnotherapy died on January 7 at Northern Westchester Hospital Center, Mount Kisco, NY. He was co-founder of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. Director and founder of the Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy and the Morton Prince Mental Health Center. Editor Emeritus of the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis; author of ''Freud and Hypnosis,'' ''Forensic Hypnosis,'' ''The Search for Bridey Murphy,'' ''Clinical Correlations of Experimental Hypnosis,'' ''Psychodynamics and Hypnosis,'' ''Hypnodynamic Psychology,'' ''Short Term Dynamic Hypnotherapy and Hypnoanalysis''; editor ''Obesity: Etiology, Treatment and Management.'' His books have been translated into several languages. He was a contributor of scientific papers to numerous professional journals. Dr. Kline had private practices in NYC and Pound Ridge, New York. He is survived by his wife Dorothy, his daughter Jill and granddaughter Lucy.